Frequent vaccination failures have occurred in the broiler farms in Eurasian countries during Newcastle disease outbreaks. The disease is enzootic in many countries of the region, especially in southwest Asia. I-2 vaccine has been used successfully in village chickens in many Asian and African countries. Our preliminary study showed good efficacy of the vaccine in broiler chickens. Therefore th...

Viral infections, including Newcastle disease (ND), constitute a major health problem in the rapidly growing poultry industry of Nepal. Despite regular vaccination commercial farms, ND virus (NDV) outbreaks are frequently reported raising concern over safety and immunogenicity live-attenuated vaccines being used. This study was performed to compare four commercially available Nepal after admini...

Methods to increase temperature stability of vaccines and adjuvants are needed to reduce dependence on cold chain storage. We report herein creation and application of pVEX expression vectors to improve vaccine and adjuvant manufacture and thermostability. Defined media fermentation yields of 6g/L thermostable toll-like receptor 5 agonist flagellin were obtained using an IPTG inducible pVEX-fla...

Thermostable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines have been used widely to protect village chickens against Newcastle disease, due to their decreased dependence on cold chain for transport and storage. However, the genetic basis underlying the NDV thermostability is poorly understood. In this study, we generated chimeric viruses by exchanging viral genes between the thermostable TS09-C strain...

Robust vaccines are required to protect village chickens against Newcastle disease. Thermostable vaccines derived from avirulent Australian strains of Newcastle disease virus (strains V4 and I-2) have proved successful for this purpose. These vaccines have been developed through ACIAR projects and have been adopted by other international aid agencies. It is now possible to offer integrated work...

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation the live vaccines, in particular tropical and hot climate conditions. In past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but previous comparative studies did not include formulation-specific factors commercial vaccines. current study, we aimed ...

In-ovo vaccination is an attractive immunization approach for poultry industry. However, most of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains used after hatch are unsafe, as in-ovo vaccines, due to their high pathogenicity for chicken embryos. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a thermostable NDV strain TS09-C, derived from V4 strain, as in-ovo vaccine. Chickens i...

Thermostable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines have been used widely to control Newcastle disease for village poultry flocks, due to their independence of cold chains for delivery and storage. To explore the potential use of thermostable NDV as a vaccine vector, an infectious clone of thermostable avirulent NDV strain TS09-C was developed using reverse genetics technology. The GFP gene, al...